NanoGPT speedrun
Changes that reduced GPT-2 small training time from 45 minutes to under a minute, and the papers behind them.
The NanoGPT speedrunJordan et al., 2024–20268 questions
MuonJordan et al., 2024; Bernstein and Newhouse, 2024; Bernstein, 2025; Amsel et al., 20258 questions
Convergence theory for MuonKovalev, 2025; Chen et al., 20258 questions
Refinements to MuonLiu et al., 2025; Li et al., 2025; Chen et al., 2025; Srivastava, 20258 questions
Learning-rate schedules and batch sizeSchaipp et al., 2025; McCandlish et al., 20188 questions
Small-scale proxies for large-scale Transformer training instabilitiesWortsman et al., 20237 questions
FlexAttentionDong et al., 2024; records #12-#137 questions
Cross-layer connectionsZhou et al., 2024; Xiao et al., 20258 questions
Conditional Memory via Scalable LookupCheng et al., 20268 questions